THE DYNAMICS OF THE SPREAD OF TROPILAELAPS (TROPILAELAPS SPP.) AND VARROATOSIS (VARROA DESTRUCTOR) IN DIFFERENT CLIMATIC ZONES OF KAZAKHSTAN
Г. Молдахметова
У. Нуралиева
Г. Халықова
А. Таджиева
The article examines the dynamics of the spread of tropilaelapsosis caused by ticks of the genus Tropilaelaps spp., and varroatosis caused by the parasitization of the Varroa destructor tick in various natural and climatic zones of Kazakhstan. The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing threat of parasitic diseases of honey bees to the sustainability of beekeeping and the conservation of biodiversity. In order to identify the distribution area of acaroses (tropilelapsosis, varroatosis), monitoring of apiaries of farms in Turkestan, East Kazakhstan, Abai, and Almaty regions of Kazakhstan was carried out. This article will examine the dynamics of the spread of tropilapsosis and varroatosis in different climatic zones of Kazakhstan, analyze the causes of their spread, and suggest possible solutions to the problem. The study covered 33 beekeeping farms located in various natural and climatic zones of 4 regions of Kazakhstan. Of these, 3 farms are located in the steppe zone, 4 in the semi—desert zone, 13 in the foothill zone, and 18 in the mountainous zone. A comparative analysis of the distribution and seasonal dynamics of tropilelapsosis and varroatosis in steppe, forest-steppe, mountainous and desert regions of the country was carried out, and the influence of climatic factors (temperature, humidity, duration of the active season) on the intensity of invasion was revealed. It has been established that varroatosis is widespread and is characterized by a steady tendency to increase the level of infection during a prolonged warm season. At the same time, cases of Tropilaelaps spp. They are focal in nature and are potentially associated with the migration of bee colonies and the import of breeding material. The greatest risk of rapid spread of tropilelapsosis is noted in the southern and southeastern regions with mild winters and a long period of brood rearing. The obtained results indicate the need to strengthen veterinary control, develop regionally adapted preventive measures and improve the system of early diagnosis of parasitic diseases of bees. The research is of practical importance for improving the biological safety of beekeeping and maintaining the productivity of apiaries in various natural and climatic conditions of Kazakhstan.
Authors
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Г. Молдахметова
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У. Нуралиева
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Г. Халықова
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А. Таджиева
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